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阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思.
阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思.学校优势特色:
1优势:
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练习充分,10k+词汇量,12册练习题,贯穿备考全程
成长可视,阶段模考+解析,SA全程监督,清晰学情报告。桂林雅思培训,桂林出国语言培训,雅思辅导班、雅思备考,桂林环球雅思经典格言:只有你能掌控你的未来。。
2特色:
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九步闭环教学法(课前预习、进门测试、课堂导入、课堂讲授、课堂巩固、出门测试、课后巩固、微信打卡、学情反馈);桂林雅思培训,桂林出国语言培训,雅思辅导班、雅思备考,桂林环球雅思经典格言:亡羊补牢,犹未迟也。——《战国策·楚策》阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思.。
阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思. 雅思模拟试题在雅思备考过程中所起的作用不可小觑,通过模拟练习题,我们可以很直接地了解到自己的备考状况,从而可以更有针对性地进行之后的复习。希望以下内容能够对大家的雅思备考有所帮助!
The Triumph of Unreason
Part I
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage1 below.
The Triumph of Unreason?
A.
Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.
The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.
One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh. In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D.
In a study, the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task, the researchers first presented the product and then its price, with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage, which also lasted four seconds, they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment, the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.
E.
The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.
When the price appeared, however, fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.
Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex, too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price, rather than to price alone. Thus, the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.
People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex), even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives, as orthodox economics suggests happens, people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.
That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time), the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit, though, may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards, coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise, may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
J.
Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour, such as miserliness and extravagance, experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether, in the same individuals, buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does, then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods, and recreational drugs, that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
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桂林雅思培训,桂林出国语言培训,雅思辅导班、雅思备考,桂林环球雅思经典格言: 不患人之不己知,患不知人也。。
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雅思考试类型
雅思考试(国际英语语言测试系统)
考试用途及分类
雅思考试是为那些打算在以英语作为交流语言的国家和地区读书或就业的人们设置的英语言水平考试,分为学术类和培训类
纸笔考试/机考+人人对话
用于英国移民及签证的雅思考试
考试用途及分类
用于英国签证及移民的雅思考试是英国签证和移民局对特定类型的英国签证申请所开设的考试。桂林雅思培训,桂林出国语言培训,雅思辅导班、雅思备考,桂林环球雅思经典格言:自己的事情自己做。阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思.。
纸笔考试/机考+人人对话
雅思生活技能类考试
考试用途及分类
只测试考生的英语口语与听力水平,分为CEFR(欧洲语言共同参考框架)A1及B1级别两类。该考试旨在满足英国签证与移民局对英国特定签证申请的要求。
人人对话
阳朔县雅思5.5分VIP,雅思.雅思考试内容、评分标准;
听力40分钟 4部分 40道题
考试内容
听四段录音,难度不断递增。录音听一遍,会留给考生一些时间阅读问题并记录答案
评分标准 雅思听力试卷包括40题,每答对一题得一分。满分的原始分均为40分 |
口语11-14分钟 3部分
考试内容
采用一对一面试形式。考察考生日常会话、对熟悉话题作一定描述及与考官之间的互动能力
评分标准 按四项标准分别评等级分:流利性与连贯性、词汇多样性、语法多样性及准确性、发音 |
阅读60分钟 3篇文章 40道题
考试内容
考生将阅读三篇文章并回答文章后问题,文章从书本、杂志、期刊及报纸上选取
评分标准 雅思阅读试卷包括40题,每答对一题得一分。满分的原始分均为40分,考生依据其原始分获取1-9分的等级 |
写作60分钟 2篇作文
考试内容
Part1:根据表格或图表,写一篇约150字的文章;Part2:针对某问题或观点写一篇约250字短文
评分标准
按四项标准分别评等级分:
写作任务完成&回应情况、连贯与衔接、词汇丰富程度、语法多样性及准确性。 |